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Uncivil Society: 1989 and the Implosion of the Communist Establishment (Modern Library Chronicles), by Stephen Kotkin
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Review
"Following hard on the heels of Armageddon Averted, Stephen Kotkin has written a brilliantly original account of the fall of the Soviet empire. Almost everything on this subject up until now has been journalism. Kotkin's genius as an historian is to turn conventional wisdom on its head and force us to rethink completely a revolution we thought we understood merely because we lived through it." —Niall Ferguson, Laurence A. Tisch Professor of History at Harvard and author of The War of the World"In this lively and fast-paced study, two distinguished Princeton historians, Stephen Kotkin and Jan Gross, analyze the 1989 revolution in Eastern Europe as a product of the political bankruptcy of 'uncivil society,' meaning the communist elite. Using the case studies of Poland, Romania, and the German Democratic Republic, the authors combine deep historical analysis of the development and failures of East European communism with brilliant insights into the events of 1989 themselves. The book makes a critical contribution to our understanding of the annus mirabilis." —Norman M. Naimark, Robert and Florence McDonnell Chair of East European History at Stanford University
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About the Author
Stephen Kotkin is Rosengarten Professor of Modern and Contemporary History at Princeton University, with a joint appointment as Professor of International Affairs in the Woodrow Wilson School. He is the author of the enormously influential books Magnetic Mountain:Stalinism as a Civilization and Armageddon Averted: The Soviet Collapse 1970—2000 and contributes regularly to The New York Times, The New Republic, and the BBC.Jan T. Gross a native of Poland, also teaches at Princeton, where he is the Norman B. Tomlinson ’16 and ’48 Professor of War and Society. He was a 2001 National Book Award nominee for his widely acclaimed Neighbors: The Destruction of the Jewish Community in Jedwabne, Poland. His most recent book, Fear:Anti-Semitism in Poland after Auschwitz, was named one of the best books of the year by The Washington Post.
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Product details
Series: Modern Library Chronicles (Book 32)
Paperback: 256 pages
Publisher: Modern Library; Reissue edition (October 12, 2010)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0812966791
ISBN-13: 978-0812966794
Product Dimensions:
5.2 x 0.5 x 8 inches
Shipping Weight: 7 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review:
4.1 out of 5 stars
16 customer reviews
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
#619,273 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
Uncivil Society is an excellent overview of the Eastern Blok as it unfolded in the decade before 1989. In essence, these Soviet controlled economies couldn’t compete with the west economically or in terms of government. He calls the communist-infused officials and political leaders of principally East Germany, Romania and Poland, who made the bulk of decisions or, increasingly non-decisions as conditions deteriorated, an uncivil society bent on preserving the status quo. Attempting to preserve power as poverty increased and wages stagnated in the face of increased information via Radio Free Europe, for example, and, in the case of Poland, the influence of the church, led to a domino effect of relatively peaceful transitions relegating the uncivil society to observers of their own demise. Glasnost was impotent and Gorbachev inadvertently opened the flood gates of protest across all classes, principally workers. Kotkin’s analysis also suggests a sobering parallel between the bankruptcy of the Eastern elites and the ruinous excesses of Western elites as revealed in the financial meltdown of 2008.
Gives a thoughtful & well-documented explanation of how the "uncivil" communist governments put in place after WW II in East Gemany, Poland & Romania were unable to stand up to "civil" forces opposing them especially with the Soviet Union unwilling and maybe unable,to come to their aid.
Fascinating insights into the mechanics of Gorbachev reforms. Stephen Kotkin does not seem to credit Ronald Reagan or Margaret Thatcher at all. Nevertheless, a most expert and insightful and, it appears to this novice, a factually accurate account of the decline of the Soviet Communist Empire.
Kotkin explains the events in the USSR and Eastern Europe up to 1989 with superb scholarship and authority including insightful interviews with major figures of the period.
This is a useful short account of the collapse in 1989 of the Communist regimes in East Germany, Romania, and Poland.In the 1980's many in the West hoped that the Communist system would be slowly undermined by the rise of an alternative "civil society", where organized progressive citizen groups would slowly establish support for a tolerant law based society. Kotkin argues that, with the great exception of Poland, this turned out to be a red herring. In countries like East Germany and Romania, he argues that there were only tiny numbers of active dissidents, no meaningful organized opposition and no significant "civil society". He argues that to understand the events of 1989 we need to instead focus on "uncivil society", the increasingly sclerotic and self-serving regimes. He argues that it was the regimes' failures, especially in failing to deliver acceptable living standards, which led to mass disaffection, withdrawal and ultimate regime collapse. Above all, the regimes seem to have suffered a paralyzing loss of faith in their own futures.The Leipzig marches in East Germany are a fascinating example of a truly grass-roots movement. There was no organization for the Stasi to infiltrate, no leadership to be arrested, no leaflets to be confiscated. There was simply a widespread popular understanding that each Monday at 6:00pm a mass march would take place. So the regime's only potential coercive response was overt mass repression. But the high leadership was anxious to retain "plausible deniability" and thus avoided explicitly ordering the bloody repression they seem to have desired. Similarly the local commanders could see that they were being positioned as scapegoats, and were careful to avoid decisive action without explicit orders. And thus the apparently all-powerful regime became immobilized and impotent.Some of the same dynamics seem to have played out in Romania, where the demonstrations in Timisoara and Bucharest seem to have been essentially leaderless events, driven by popular disaffection. In this case, Ceaucescu ordered explicit action, but local commanders prevaricated and foot dragged.Poland is the main counter-example, where Solidarity provided an active well organized opposition, offering its own alternative world view. However, even in Poland the collapse came largely from within the regime. Kotkin argues that in 1988, no one in Solidarity expected to see free elections or a regime change anytime soon - these came about due to fumbled initiatives from within the regime itself.The events of 1989 are a vast topic, on which much has been written, discovered, and argued. Each country followed its own unique course and no one formula can explain all that occurred. Kotkin is definitely not trying to provide a complete history of the period, but he does provide a useful focused study of his three target regimes and does make some good points around how their collapse was driven by internal failures, rather than by organized opposition.
Very insightful but limited mainly to Poland, Romania,and East Germany.
Excellent. I highly recommend.
I will go out on a limb and say Kotkin is the best historian of the "why did the Soviet collapse" genre. This book and Armageddon Averted are great, concise and very well written.
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